Epidemiological, genetic, and molecular research
Epidemiological, genetic, and molecular researches on different populations in the world confirm that individual sensitivity to the increase in body weight is the result of the multifactorial, interactive influence of genetics and other personal factors. The role of the genotype in the occurrence and development of obesity. Especially in the recently discovered hormone leptin is again the focus of much research. Many genes play a role in causing sensitivity thickness. Scientists conduct several types of research in order to identify specific genes and DNA sequence variations. Researchers found the role of about 70 genes, locus, or genetic markers.
Heredity or the acquired condition can cause variations in the biological-behavioral interface. As it is now primer insulin resistance which is the basis of obesity.
Genetically predisposed possible mechanisms are:
1. Surveys conducted by Pima Indians show that RMR is family concentrated. Those with low RMR are at high risk of maintaining body weight by 10 kg. in the future five-year period.
2. Low level of lipid oxidation in relation to carbohydrate hydration oxidation under standardized conditions poses a risk of weight gain.
3. Low LBM for a given body weight involves the risk of weight gain tending to lower RMR levels while favoring a positive energetic balance.
4. Poor appetite control.
Leptin
When you achieve saturation with high energy input, the positive energy balance leads to maintaining body weight. In this case, many genes are still under investigation. For example, leptin, which is a hormonal product of the leptin gene, is an important protective factor. Fatty tissue in humans secrets leptin. People intensively examine many other potential mechanisms nearby the above.
Insulin Resistance
At this moment, the most significant progress related to genetic research is the understanding of the pathophysiology of obesity and accompanying metabolic disorders which are based on insulin resistance, which can also be an acquired condition. The genetic effect on the amount of adipose tissue is primarily caused by the amount of insulin-related visceral fat component resistance is very high (50-60%) while subcutaneous fatty tissue has low heredity. A certain number of biological factors that are not related to genetic susceptibility to the appearance of obesity, and also affect individual susceptibility are: gender, ethnicity, and vulnerable periods in life for weight gain. Other factors that affect the development of obesity are the following behavioral factors: excessive intake of alcohol, smoking cessation, abruptness and extreme reduction of physical activity, as well as various drugs.
